Causes Effects And Solutions To Famine

Causes Effects And Solutions To Famine Famane can be caused for many different reasons, some, like floods, droughts are natural, and others, like lack of food and shortage in food distribution to specific parts of a region. Parts of the world that are difficult to reach. Famine has managed to spread around many parts of the world, from Ireland to sudan to Afghanistan and Ethiopia, and at different times. For every time famine stroke a region it would be as a result of many causes, and these causes differ from a period of time to another, and from a place to another. The main causes of famine as we see it are government policies, natural disasters, and malnutrition. Political issues , Government policies, and Civil Wars Specific governments around the world have put policies that unintentionally caused famine to spread in those regions. Bad government policies have once led China to one of the greatest famine in history, when Mao Zedong has planned to improve China’s industry and agriculture. In order for this to h appen, China was reformed into communes. Chinese citizens have worked for the commune and everything they had was owned by their commune. Workers were assigned to do work they were not capable of doing. A year later, machinery broke down, workers were injured, and buildings fell down because the steal produced and used in the buildings was week. Soon enough hunger was spreed all over china, around 9 million died from starvation in 1960, and other millions of Chineese workers suffered illness for the lack of food. This plan which led china to famine was called the Great Leap Forward. Similarly, unwise government policies has led North Korea to experience famine in the mid-1990s, and Zimbabwe in the early-2000s. in the early 1970s and 1980s,both Ethiopia and Sudan has suffered from famine due to their dictatorship governments, as food was shipped from Wollo in Ethiopia to its capital city in order to be sold with higher prices, Which led famine to strike Wollo. In the 1950s, chinaâ₠¬â„¢s resources depended greatly on government actions, as it was the governments responsibility to distribute food among provinces equally. As well as it is their responsibility to provide education and proper health care during the famine, with more education people the healthier their choices might be, as that might have decreased the resultant death rates in the Chinese famine. P24 Due to unequal distribution of food, as governments usually prefer suppling urban resadants over rural residants. The food accessibility was more devastating in the rural areas, which also led the severity of famine to vary from a region to another, as what happened to china in the 1950s. Natural disasters The reason why natural disasters cause famine is that they temporarily reduce the carrying capacity of the land. (also 2) Many natural disasters tend to hit countries and reduce the carrying capacity of the region sharply but temporarily. The most common natural disasters that encouraged famine to a rise are droughts, earthquakes, and floods. In 1845 to 1850, plague of fungi caused the large population of Ireland to drop down sharply, resulting in 500,000 deaths.

The Regulatory Response to the Corporate Scandals in the USA and the Essay

The Regulatory Response to the Corporate Scandals in the USA and the EU was Diametrically Different - Essay Example In order to have this assurance, investors generally rely on the published annual report and accounts of companies. However, although the annual report and accounts may provide a reasonable approximation of companies’ activities, there are issues not shown in the annual report and accounts that could affect these companies’ financial situations, as well as the reputation of international stock markets2. For instance, despite the fact that the annual report and accounts seemed healthy, the last decade faced a large number of corporate scandals and collapses. These corporate crises have affected several people, as in the case of shareholders, managers, directors, employees and consumers. Some would argue that the main cause of these corporate crises is the weakness of corporate governance regulations in the world, as well as a need to have good corporate governance codes in order to prevent further scandals and collapses.3 As a consequence, countries have been trying duri ng the last decade to develop and update their corporate governance systems. ... In this part, the shortcomings of the USA and the EU regulations that appeared after scandals will be mentioned. Subsequent to that, the difference of the USA response will be explained. In this part, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and its new provisions, Sections 302 and 404, will be discussed. Finally, the differences of the EU response will be discussed in light of the national and the pan-European level. 1. Corporate Governance Evolution and Scandals It is widely believed that the development of corporate governance codes has often been driven by financial scandals, corporate collapses and similar crises. For instance, at the beginning of the 1990s various financial scandals and corporate collapses happened in the UK, as in the case of Coloroll, Polly Peck and Maxwell.5 These crises led the Financial Reporting Council and the London Stock Exchange to establish the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance in May 1991; Sir Adrian Cadbury chaired this council in order to i mprove the UK’s Code of corporate governance. As a consequence, in December 1991 the Committee issued the Cadbury Report that influenced many corporate governance codes across the world.6 The Report stated several recommendations that focused on corporate governance issues, in particular, the operation of the main board, the role of non-executive directors and the reporting and control mechanism of firm.7 Additionally, the development of corporate governance codes, supported by many non-governmental organizations, issued principles and practices that should govern corporates globally.8 For example, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published its Principles of Corporate Governance in 1991; this was revised in 2004.9

Human Resources Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Human Resources - Term Paper Example It is because of the quality of human resource and proper management of human resource that an organization is able to differentiate itself from others and the organization is able to attain competitive advantage (Blau, 1978). Organization invests in different projects and assets so that they would yield returns to the company in the long run and the company only invests in them if the expected value of the returns of the projects or assets would be more than their total present investment cost. This theory can also be linked to the human resource of the organization and organizations invest in human resource so that they would yield them profits in the years to come and help the organization to grow as a successful venture. As human resource is the most important asset of the organization and therefore it is imperative for the organization to properly manage its human resource so that the investment yields maximum return (Roslender, 1997). There can be different kinds of investment on human resource like the cost of training, cost associated with recruitment of employees etc and therefore it is important for the management to properly analyse the cost and returns that human resource would yield and for th is purpose, human resource accounting has emerged as the solution (Mirvis, & Lawler III, 1984). The concept of human resource accounting is the process by which organization analyses and compares the investment that they have made in the human resource and the benefits that human resource yields to the organization (Pyle, 1970). This information about the cost and benefit of human resource is then conveyed to the interested parties in the organization. This kind of investment is not reported in the conventional financial statements of the organization however this investment is an important one for the long run success of the organization. This report analyses the concept of human resource accounting and how organization uses the concept of human resource accounting along with the importance of human resource accounting. In addition to this, this report also discusses about different methods with which organizations analyses the performance and cost of employees in an organization a nd limitations of each method and then the conclusion. Concept of human resource accounting and how organization uses it Human Recourse Accounting is the term used to measure the worth and cost of their organization’s employees. Thus, it is the process of identifying, quantifying and communicating the data and information about Human Recourses to the parties involved (Roslender, & Dyson, 1992). It is an effort to identify and report the investments and funds made in organization’s human recourse that are presently not accounted for in the usual accounting practices. Different organizations use the idea of human resource accounting in different ways. With the passage of time, more and more organizations have started implementing this concept considering its importance not only for the human resource department to better evaluate the performance of individuals but as it helps in improving the long profitability of the organization as they are able to identify which human resource or employee is most important to the organization and which human resource should be included in their long run plan and therefore using human resource accounting the management is able to plan things in a better way (Caplan, & Landekich, 1974). However, despite of an increasing use of human resource accounting in different industries around the world, still there are several organizations that do not utilize this concept. Human resource acco